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Juncus bufonius

Accepted
0
🗒 Synonyms
synonymJuncus bufonius Boiss.Juncus bufonius Cout.Juncus minutulus V.I.Krecz. & Gontsch.
🗒 Common Names
Other
  • English – Toad RushFrench – Jonc des CrapaudsSpanish – Junco de Rana
  • Toad Rush
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1 Year Assessed: 2011 Assessor/s: Gupta, A.K. Reviewer/s: Juffe Bignoli, D., Homsombath, K. & Bounphanmy, S. Contributors: Molur, S. Justification: This rush is widespread and common in many wetlands around the world and faces no major threats. It is listed as Least Concern. Conservation Actions: No conservation measures are in place.
IUCN and ZOO 2011
Attributions IUCN and ZOO 2011
Contributors 
Sanjay Molur
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY
References 
    Habit: Grass
    Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
    Attributions Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
    1. Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
    Flowering class: Monocot Habit: Herb
    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      Diagnostic Keys
      Description
      Culms tufted, compact, erect or decumbent, slender, terete, often branched, all fertile, to 30 cm and 0.08 cm wide. Leaves flat, linear, channelled above, tapering, to 10 x 0.06 cm; leaf-sheaths pale brownish, margins more or less hyaline, to 3 cm. Inflorescence terminal, branched, usually with a flower at forks, to 12 cm. Flower(s) mostly paired, sometimes 1, or in clusters to 6 flowers each with a bract and 2 bracteoles, 0.4-0.7 cm, subsessile or clearly stalked; bract ovate(-oblong), to 0.35 x 0.2 cm, membranous, acute; bracteoles ovate, to 0.2 x 0.15 cm. Tepals 3+3, oblong-lanceolate, inner whorl smaller, to 0.65 cm, midrib prominent. Stamens 6(only 3 in apical flowers); anthers yellowish. Ovary oblong; style distinct. Capsule oblong, 3-gonous; seeds many, ellipsoid.
      Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
      Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY
      References 
        No Data
        📚 Natural History
        Cyclicity
        Flowering and fruiting: March-April
        Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY
        References 
          No Data
          📚 Habitat and Distribution
          General Habitat
          Marshy areas
          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY
          References 
            Habitat and Ecology: This species occurs in wet grasslands, swamps, edges of lakes, river banks and stream sides between 100 and 3,500 m asl. Also found in rice fields across Asia. Systems: Terrestrial; Freshwater List of Habitats: 5, 5.1, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 15, 15.8
            IUCN and ZOO 2011
            Attributions IUCN and ZOO 2011
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY
            References 
              Description
              Global Distribution

              Northern temperate regions

              Indian distribution

              State - Kerala, District/s: Idukki

              Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
              Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY
              References 
                Common grass in swamps of Upper Palnis. Plateau slopes 2100-2400m. Temperate regions of Europe, Asia & America
                Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
                Attributions Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY
                References 
                1. Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
                Range Description: This is a cosmopolitan species native to Europe, Africa, Russia, southeast Asia, Australia and America. Countries - Native: Afghanistan; Albania; Algeria; Argentina; Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia); Austria; Bahamas; Bangladesh; Belarus; Belgium; Belize; Bhutan; Bolivia; Bulgaria; Chile; China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Colombia; Costa Rica (Costa Rica (main island)); Cuba; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Ecuador (Ecuador (mainland)); Egypt (Egypt (African part)); Estonia; Ethiopia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France (Corse, France (mainland)); Germany; Greece (Greece (mainland)); Guatemala; Hungary; Iceland; India; Indonesia (Kalimantan); Iraq; Ireland; Israel; Italy (Italy (mainland), Sardegna, Sicilia); Jamaica; Japan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Korea, Republic of; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia; Lebanon; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Lithuania; Madagascar; Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak); Mauritius; Mexico; Mongolia; Morocco; Myanmar (Myanmar (mainland)); Nepal; Netherlands; Norway; Pakistan; Palestinian Territory, Occupied; Papua New Guinea (Papua New Guinea (main island group)); Paraguay; Peru; Philippines; Poland; Portugal (Azores, Madeira, Portugal (mainland)); Romania; Russian Federation; Rwanda; South Africa (Eastern Cape Province, Northern Cape Province, North-West Province, Western Cape Province); Spain (Spain (mainland)); Sri Lanka; Sweden; Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic; Taiwan, Province of China; Tajikistan; Thailand; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uganda; Ukraine; United Kingdom (Great Britain, Northern Ireland); United States; Uruguay; Uzbekistan; Venezuela (Venezuela (mainland)); Viet Nam; Yemen
                IUCN and ZOO 2011
                Attributions IUCN and ZOO 2011
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY
                References 
                  No Data
                  📚 Occurrence
                  No Data
                  📚 Demography and Conservation
                  Trends
                  Population: This species is widespread across the world although there is not information available on its global population. Population Trend: Unknown
                  IUCN and ZOO 2011
                  Attributions IUCN and ZOO 2011
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY
                  References 
                    Conservation Status
                    Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1 Year Assessed: 2011 Assessor/s: Gupta, A.K. Reviewer/s: Juffe Bignoli, D., Homsombath, K. & Bounphanmy, S. Contributors: Molur, S. Justification: This rush is widespread and common in many wetlands around the world and faces no major threats. It is listed as Least Concern. Conservation Actions: No conservation measures are in place.
                    IUCN and ZOO 2011
                    Attributions IUCN and ZOO 2011
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      Threats
                      Major Threat (s): No threats have been recorded.
                      IUCN and ZOO 2011
                      Attributions IUCN and ZOO 2011
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY
                      References 
                        No Data
                        📚 Uses and Management
                        Uses
                        Uses: Fodder for wild cattle
                        Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
                        Attributions Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
                        Contributors 
                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                        Licenses CC_BY
                        References 
                        1. Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
                        No Data
                        📚 Information Listing
                        References
                        2. Ho, P.H. 1999. Cay Co Vietnam (An illustrated Flora of Vietnam). Nha Xuat Ban Tre, Vietnam.
                        4. Gupta, A.K. 2011. Juncus bufonius. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 26 November 2011.
                        5. WCSPF. 2010. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Available at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/.
                        6. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO and Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. 2010. eFloras. Available at: http://www.efloras.org.
                        7. IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).
                        9. Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
                        1. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/threats-classification-scheme
                        2. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/conservation-actions-classification-scheme-ver2
                        3. Gupta, A.K. 2011. Juncus bufonius. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 26 November 2011.
                        4. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
                        5. Citation: Gupta, A.K. 2011. Juncus bufonius. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 26 November 2011.
                        8. IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).
                        10. Ho, P.H. 1999. Cay Co Vietnam (An illustrated Flora of Vietnam). Nha Xuat Ban Tre, Vietnam.
                        11. WCSPF. 2010. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Available at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/.
                        12. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO and Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. 2010. eFloras. Available at: http://www.efloras.org.
                        13. Juncus bufonius L., Sp. Pl. 466. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 392. 1892; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1553(1084). 1931; Swarup. et al., Shola For. Kerala 79. 1998.
                        1. Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
                        Overview > Brief
                        1. Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
                        Habitat and Distribution > Distribution > Description
                        1. Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
                        Uses and Management > Uses
                        1. Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
                        Information Listing > References
                        2. Ho, P.H. 1999. Cay Co Vietnam (An illustrated Flora of Vietnam). Nha Xuat Ban Tre, Vietnam.
                        4. Gupta, A.K. 2011. Juncus bufonius. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 26 November 2011.
                        5. WCSPF. 2010. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Available at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/.
                        6. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO and Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. 2010. eFloras. Available at: http://www.efloras.org.
                        7. IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).
                        9. Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
                        10. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/threats-classification-scheme
                        11. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/conservation-actions-classification-scheme-ver2
                        12. Gupta, A.K. 2011. Juncus bufonius. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 26 November 2011.
                        13. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
                        14. Citation: Gupta, A.K. 2011. Juncus bufonius. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 26 November 2011.
                        17. IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).
                        19. Ho, P.H. 1999. Cay Co Vietnam (An illustrated Flora of Vietnam). Nha Xuat Ban Tre, Vietnam.
                        20. WCSPF. 2010. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Available at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/.
                        21. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO and Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. 2010. eFloras. Available at: http://www.efloras.org.
                        22. Juncus bufonius L., Sp. Pl. 466. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 392. 1892; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1553(1084). 1931; Swarup. et al., Shola For. Kerala 79. 1998.
                        23. Mathew, K. M. "The flora of Palani Hills." Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Part I-III.
                        No Data
                        📚 Meta data
                        No Data
                        🐾 Taxonomy
                        RootRoot
                        KingdomPlantae
                        PhylumTracheophyta
                        ClassLiliopsida
                        OrderPoales
                        FamilyJuncaceae
                        GenusJuncus
                        SpeciesJuncus bufonius
                        📊 Temporal Distribution
                        📷 Related Observations
                        👥 Groups
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