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Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.

Accepted
0
🗒 Synonyms
synonymLemna bannatica Waldst. & Kit. ex Schleid.
synonymLemna major Griff.
synonymLemna maxima Blatt. & Hallb.
synonymLemna orbicularis Kit. ex Schult.
synonymLemna orbiculata Roxb.
synonymLemna polyrhiza L.
synonymLemna polyrhiza var. concolor Kurz
synonymLemna thermalis P.Beauv. ex Nutt.
synonymLemna transsilvanica Schur, pro syn.
synonymLemna umbonata A.Braun ex Hegelm.
synonymLenticula polyrrhiza (L.) Lam.
synonymSpirodela atropurpurea Montandon
synonymSpirodela maxima (Blatt. & Hallb.) McCann
synonymSpirodela polyrhiza var. masonii Daubs
synonymTelmatophace orbicularis (Kit. ex Schult.) Schur
synonymTelmatophace polyrhiza (L.) Godr.
🗒 Common Names
Other
  • Lemna polyrhiza L.
  • Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid.
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1 Year Assessed: 2011 Assessor/s: Zhuang, X. Reviewer/s: Juffe Bignoli, D., Meng, M. & Homsombath, K. Justification: This aquatic plant is widespread throughout the world and faces no major threats. It occurs generally in eutrophic still water such as ponds, pools, marshes, lakes, and rice fields and ditches but also in slow-flowing base-rich waters. It has also medicinal uses. Listed as Least Concern. Conservation Actions: No conservation measures in place or needed.
IUCN and ZOO 2011
Attributions IUCN and ZOO 2011
Contributors 
Sanjay Molur
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY
References 
    Flowering class: Monocot Habit: Herb
    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      Diagnostic Keys
      Description
      Floating aquatic herbs. Fronds solitary or cohering in groups of 2-5, symmetric or asymmetric, 4-10 x 3-8 mm, orbicular-ovate, base obtuse, apex obtuse or rounded; nerves 5-11, conspicuous; upper side flat, smooth, green, lower side flat, red-purple. Daughter fronds budding from near the point of root-insertion in a slit in the parent frond. Roots 5-10, arising from the greatly thickened part of the frond; root cap acute. Flowers surrounded by a small open spathe in a lateral slit-pouch with 1-pistillate flower and 2-3 staminate flowers each consisting of a single stamen. Ovary with 1 or 2 ovules. Fruit 1-2 seeded, slightly winged. Seeds smooth.
      Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
      Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY
      References 
        No Data
        📚 Natural History
        Cyclicity
        Flowering and fruiting: October-November
        Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY
        References 
          No Data
          📚 Habitat and Distribution
          General Habitat

          Habitat

          Freshwater
          Freshwater
          Habitat and Ecology: It occurs generally in eutrophic still water such as ponds, pools, marshes, lakes, and rice fields and ditches. Also in slow-flowing base-rich waters and a wide variety of water bodies, particularly in grazing marsh systems in Europe. Systems: Freshwater List of Habitats: 5, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 15, 15.8, 15.9
          IUCN and ZOO 2011
          Attributions IUCN and ZOO 2011
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY
          References 
            Ponds, lakes and waste ditches
            Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
            Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY
            References 
              Description
              Range Description: This is a widespread species occurring throughout Europe, Asia, Papua New Guinea and Australia, northern and tropical Africa and throughout North America, although it becomes less frequent in the north (Landolt 1986). Countries - Native: Australia; Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Belize; Benin; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Botswana; Bulgaria; Burundi; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan); Chad; China; Colombia; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Costa Rica; Côte d'Ivoire; Croatia; Cuba; Czech Republic; Denmark; Dominica; Ecuador; Egypt (Egypt (African part)); El Salvador; Finland; France (Corse, France (mainland)); Germany; Ghana; Greece (Greece (mainland)); Guatemala; Haiti; Honduras; Hungary; India; Indonesia (Bali, Jawa, Kalimantan, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Sulawesi, Sumatera); Iran, Islamic Republic of; Ireland; Italy (Italy (mainland), Sardegna, Sicilia); Jamaica; Japan; Kenya; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Mexico; Montenegro; Morocco; Namibia (Caprivi Strip); Nepal; Netherlands; Nicaragua; Nigeria; Norway; Palestinian Territory, Occupied; Panama; Peru; Philippines; Poland; Portugal (Madeira, Portugal (mainland)); Puerto Rico; Romania; Russian Federation (Altay, Buryatiya, Central European Russia, East European Russia, Irkutsk, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kuril Is., North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Primorye, Sakhalin, South European Russia, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutiya); Rwanda; Senegal; Serbia; Slovenia; South Africa (Free State, KwaZulu-Natal); Spain (Spain (mainland)); Taiwan, Province of China; Tanzania, United Republic of; Thailand; Turkey; Uganda; Ukraine (Krym, Ukraine (main part)); United Kingdom (Great Britain); United States
              IUCN and ZOO 2011
              Attributions IUCN and ZOO 2011
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY
              References 
                Global Distribution

                Moist temperate and Tropical regions

                Indian distribution

                State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts

                Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY
                References 
                  No Data
                  📚 Occurrence
                  No Data
                  📚 Demography and Conservation
                  Trends
                  Population: There is no information on global population trend although it is a common species in suitable habitats. Population Trend: Unknown
                  IUCN and ZOO 2011
                  Attributions IUCN and ZOO 2011
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY
                  References 
                    Conservation Status

                    IUCN Red List Category

                    Least Concern
                    Least Concern
                    Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1 Year Assessed: 2011 Assessor/s: Zhuang, X. Reviewer/s: Juffe Bignoli, D., Meng, M. & Homsombath, K. Justification: This aquatic plant is widespread throughout the world and faces no major threats. It occurs generally in eutrophic still water such as ponds, pools, marshes, lakes, and rice fields and ditches but also in slow-flowing base-rich waters. It has also medicinal uses. Listed as Least Concern. Conservation Actions: No conservation measures in place or needed.
                    IUCN and ZOO 2011
                    Attributions IUCN and ZOO 2011
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      Threats
                      Major Threat (s): No threats to this species have been reported.
                      IUCN and ZOO 2011
                      Attributions IUCN and ZOO 2011
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY
                      References 
                        No Data
                        📚 Uses and Management
                        No Data
                        📚 Information Listing
                        References
                        1. Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid., Linnaea 13: 392. 1839; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 538. 1990; Joseph, Aquatic Angiosp. Malabar 439. 1991; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 729. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 912. 2009.
                        2. Lemna orbiculata Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 565. 1832.
                        3. Lemna polyrhiza L., Sp. Pl. 970. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 557. 1893; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1593(1111). 1931.
                        7. Zhuang, X. 2011. Spirodela polyrhiza. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2011.
                        8. IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Plants For a Future. 2010. Plants For a Future. Available at: http://www.pfaf.org/index.php.
                        1. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/threats-classification-scheme
                        2. Zhuang, X. 2011. Spirodela polyrhiza. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2011.
                        3. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/conservation-actions-classification-scheme-ver2
                        4. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
                        5. Citation: Zhuang, X. 2011. Spirodela polyrhiza. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2011.
                        8. IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Plants For a Future. 2010. Plants For a Future. Available at: http://www.pfaf.org/index.php.
                        Information Listing > References
                        1. Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid., Linnaea 13: 392. 1839; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 538. 1990; Joseph, Aquatic Angiosp. Malabar 439. 1991; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 729. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 912. 2009.
                        2. Lemna orbiculata Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 565. 1832.
                        3. Lemna polyrhiza L., Sp. Pl. 970. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 557. 1893; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1593(1111). 1931.
                        7. Zhuang, X. 2011. Spirodela polyrhiza. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2011.
                        8. IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Plants For a Future. 2010. Plants For a Future. Available at: http://www.pfaf.org/index.php.
                        9. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/threats-classification-scheme
                        10. Zhuang, X. 2011. Spirodela polyrhiza. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2011.
                        11. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/conservation-actions-classification-scheme-ver2
                        12. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
                        13. Citation: Zhuang, X. 2011. Spirodela polyrhiza. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2011.
                        16. IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Plants For a Future. 2010. Plants For a Future. Available at: http://www.pfaf.org/index.php.

                        Breeding behaviour of the Coromandel Marsh Dart Damselfly (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae: Ceriagrion coromandelianum (Fabricius)) in central India

                        Journal of Threatened Taxa

                        Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata: Insecta) of Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan, India

                        Journal of Threatened Taxa

                        Dragonflfes and Damselflfes (Odonata: Insecta) of Keoladeo Natfonal Park, Rajasthan, Indfa

                        Dheerendra Singh
                        No Data
                        📚 Meta data
                        No Data
                        🐾 Taxonomy
                        RootRoot
                        KingdomPlantae
                        PhylumTracheophyta
                        ClassLiliopsida
                        OrderAlismatales
                        FamilyAraceae
                        GenusSpirodela
                        SpeciesSpirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.
                        📊 Temporal Distribution
                        📷 Related Observations
                        👥 Groups
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